Friday, February 6, 2015

Aim for the Top of the Funnel and the Bottom of the Pyramid


Before focusing on Bloom’s Taxonomy, Dr. Smirnova talked about the learning pyramid. She had everyone in the class guess the percentage of students we think understand material from certain learning styles. My guesses were completely wrong except for the last two!

Learning Pyramid Data
Real Statistics
My Guesses
Lecture
5 %
50 %
Reading
10 %
30 %
Hearing/Seeing
20 %
75 %
Demonstration
30 %
85 %
Discussion
50 %
80 %
Practice doing
95 %
90 %
Teaching others
90 %
90 %

When I look at the actual data based from studies, I agree with most of it. I knew the lecture percentage would be lower than some of the other ways, but I did not think that low. Lectures are definitely boring for students. They do not want to listen to their teacher talk for the whole lesson. Most students being lectured are going to space out and not pay attention to the teacher at some point or multiple times. This is not an effective way to teach students. For demonstrations, I thought that a large percentage of students would learn in this way. Only about a third of students do.  One reason demonstrations are not as effective is that students who do not see a demonstration will learn the same material as students who do see the demonstration. The material learned in a demonstration is no different than if it was not performed. However, there is a positive difference in the learning experience. “Learning is enhanced, however, by increasing student engagement; students who predict the demonstration outcome before seeing it, however, display significantly greater understanding” (Crouch, Fagan, Callan, & Mazur, 2004). The reason thirty percent of students learn this way is because of how much more involved they can be. The teacher asks the students questions to try to get them thinking, predicting, and encourage them along the right track to know what to look for during the demonstration. If a student does not predict correctly, his or her understanding is not greater. I think demonstrations should be done once in a while, but not often.

Based on observations and experiences working with students, I knew most kids learn best by practicing doing and teaching others. In my classroom, I will have my students teach one another after they have become familiar with the information. I will do this both in pairs and in groups. Lets say my students are learning the causes and effects of World War I. This would be a group of students teaching one another. I would assign each student a cause or effect that he or she would have to explain and give the details about it to his or her classmates. I would tell the students to pretend that their classmates have never even heard of the war before and need to be given as much information as possible to fully understand. “When compared to learners expecting a test, learners expecting to teach recalled more material correctly, they organized their recall more effectively, and they had better memory for especially important information” (Nestojko, 2014). This method has students take the time to understand their specific part and figure out how they will share the information so their classmates can understand it. This is an effective method because the students have to master the information in order to relay it to others.




When Dr. Smirnova discussed Bloom’s Taxonomy, I had heard of it before but never actually studied it closely. The revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy was created to reflect a more active form of thinking. The pyramid is as follows. Remembering is being able to recall terms and information. I will have students use dictionaries, text reading, magazine articles, recordings, and more. Understanding is comprehending and translating information to other situations. For students to comprehend, photographs, posters, cartoons, and graphs will be good tools to me. Application is applying what was learned to other situations. Students are to complete projects, puzzles, create sculptures and other unique ideas of showing knowledge. Analysis is taking information and organizing it or finding relationships. Students will draw conclusions, create a report, graph, questionnaire, or model to see relationships and organize information. Evaluation is judging the experience based on observations or specific criteria. I want my students to self-evaluate as well as have group discussions and recommendations. Creating is generating or producing a product. The students might create a set of rules, a game, a song, a poem or even a play (Ferlazzo, 2009). This hierarchy structure is how learning objectives are classified. At first the students learn the simple information, so the objective is based on the lower levels. As the students move up to critical thinking, the objective gets more in depth. There are three different domains, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Cognitive is developing knowledge, affective is attitudes and beliefs, and psychomotor is putting physical and bodily skills into affect. As a teacher, I will make sure to focus on all three domains to have my students receive a holistic form of learning.

The video below provides more about information about using the levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy as a college student. You can target the level and what type of learning you need to be successful.


The learning pyramid and Bloom's Taxonomy will influence your teaching for the better!

~Christine Brown

Works Cited:

Crouch, C.H., Fagen, A.P., Callan, J.P., & Mazur, E. (2004). Classroom demonstrations: Learning tools or entertainment? American Association of Physics Teachers, 72(6), 835-838. Retrieved from http://www.otffeo.on.ca/wp-

Everding, G. (2014, August 12). Students learn more if they’ll need to teach others. Futurity. Retrieved February 10, 2015, from http://www.futurity.org/learning-students-teaching-741342/

Ferlazzo, L. (2009, May 25). The Best Resources For Helping Teachers Use Bloom’s Taxonomy In The Classroom [Blog Post]. Retrieved from http://larryferlazzo.edublogs.org/2009/05/25/the-best-resources-for-helping-teachers-use-blooms-taxonomy-in-the-classroom/

S, Lucas (Producer). (2012). Bloom’s Taxonomy [Motion Picture]. United States.    


No comments:

Post a Comment